Epistaxis: new aspects to consider

Abstract

Epistaxis is one of the most frequent otorhinolaryngological emergencies, and it is esti- mated that 6% require some type of intervention. Depending on the location of the ble- eding site, it may be classified as anterior, posterior or superior. Throughout history, its treatment has remained the same, including nasal compression, head positioning, nasal packing, among others. After the implementation of the systematic endoscopic assessment of the bleeding site, studies have described a new point of bleeding called S-point, which should be especially considered in severe epistaxis. In addition, during the last years the evidence has revealed certain special and relevant aspects regarding the evaluation and/or management of patients with epistaxis and associated conditions, such as the use of anti- thrombotic therapy, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia or arterial hypertension. The objective of this review is to summarize novel aspects in the evaluation, study and mana- gement of epistaxis, which include the use of tranexamic acid and new intranasal devices.