Endoscopic study of the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus in cadavers

Abstract

Introduction: The sphenoidal sinus has an intimate relationship with critical structures and their exposure in the sinus walls depend on the pneumatization degree. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus using direct transnasal endoscopic approach on a sample of adult corpses. Material and method: We performed endoscopic dissection of twenty corpses of the Pathology Department of the Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau. Various measurements were made from the nostrils. A description of the neuro-vascular structures projected into the sinus was performed. Results: The median age was 70 years. 65% were male. 65% of the sinuses had sellar configuration. 60% of the sinuses had multiple septa. The sphenoid ostium was in most cases located medial to the superior concha. 80% of the carotid arteries were projected into the sinuses (5% were dehiscent). 85% ofthe optic nerves, 40% of maxillary nerves, and 15% of vidian nerves were observed in the sinuses. Onodi cells were found in 15% of the sinuses. Conclusions: The sphenoid sinus is a complex structure adjacentto delicate structures. It is essential to be aware of these structures and their anatomical variations to perform a safe surgical approach of the sphenoid sinus and skull base.